へ ( e) is similar to ni in that it indicates direction and destination. へ ( e) – Marks Destination, and Direction 夕焼けはいつも西 に起こります。 ( Yuuyake wa itsumo nishi ni okorimasu.) The sunset always happens at the west.今日、私は友達の家 に行きます。 ( Kyou, watashi wa tomodachi no ie ni ikimasu.) Here are a few more example sentences to help you understand the particle ni. For example, the sentence I will go to the market at 12:00 translates to: Ni is also used to indicate a time, place, or direction.
This is why the English prepositions to, from, or at are often used as translations for ni. Whom or what was the bread given to? Tom. 私はトム にパンをあげました 。 ( Watashi wa Tom ni pan o agemashita.).First, it directs the action of a following verb to the word it follows. に ( ni) – Marks the Direction of an Action I didn’t know that Tom plays the piano.私はハリーポッター が好きです。 ( Watashi wa Harry Potter ga suki desu.) Here are a few more examples to look at before we move on to the next Japanese particle. The differences between wa and ga will often become a natural instinct you gain with practice. This might be a bit confusing, but don’t worry. The speaker cannot remember this man’s name, but they probably remember other names just fine. However, 私は彼の名前 が覚えられない ( Watashi wa kare no namae ga oboerarenai.) narrows the implication of this sentence down to his name only. It doesn’t narrow the focus down to his name, and thus implies that the speaker has several other names that they cannot remember. However, the use of wa changes the nuance of the sentence. The translation of this sentence to English is still the same: I can’t remember his name. 私 は彼の名前 は覚えられない。 ( Watashi wa kare no namae wa oboerarenai.).That would make the sentence look like this: Using the same example, a second wa can technically be inserted in the place of ga. But the name cannot be remembered is the subject, and is therefore marked with ga.Īnother way ga is used in a sentence is to emphasize or narrow the focus down to the word it precedes. This is about their inability to remember a name. I, or the person speaking, is the topic of the sentence. 私 は彼の名前 が覚えられない ( Watashi wa kare no namae ga oboerarenai).While wa points to the topic of the conversation, ga appears when necessary to differentiate the topic from the subject.įor example, let’s look at this sentence: These two Japanese particles can and often do appear within the same sentence. が ( ga) is often hard to distinguish from wa for many Western studiers of Japanese. が ( ga) – Marks the Subject Emphasizes Words Here are a couple of basic sentences in which people use the Japanese particle wa. In English, wa could best be translated to am, is, or are. But don’t be alarmed-leaving the topic and wa in your sentence is perfectly okay if you don’t feel comfortable omitting it. As personal pronoun topics can sometimes be omitted in Japanese, you might notice that wa can tend to disappear from sentences as well. That means that wa will always follow either a noun or a personal pronoun. は ( wa) marks the topic of the sentence, or the word that will be the focus of the following phrase or conversation. While there are a few particles in this section that closely resemble other particles, each Japanese particle does have its own important role to play. Some particles mark a topic, object, or action, while others have more specific roles like destination or time. These are the particles that you need to form even the most basic Japanese sentences. With these rules in mind, let’s take a look at the major Japanese particles you’ll find in every sentence.
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